Silicon could protect olive trees from drought and a wide range of pests and diseases and can be applied to olive groves without negative environmental impacts. Is this the result of one study published by researchers from the University of Córdoba at the end of three experiments conducted using Spanish cultivars such as Arbequina and Picual.
In each experiment, the researchers studied the effectiveness of two methods of fertilization with silicon: direct application to the roots using irrigation water and to the leaves using a foliar spray. After 120 days of treatment, all plants contained a important accumulation of silicon in the roots. Leaves and shoots also had significant levels of silicon.
Furthermore, differences in leaf accumulation between treated and control plants were evident within 60 days of application. The accumulation of leaves is of particular importance. The layer of silica gel that forms between the leaf's outer layers acts as a physical barrier, conferring protection against many pests and diseases, and abiotic stresses, such as drought. Furthermore, previous studies have shown an active increase in photosynthesis in the leaves of this layer.
In addition to the physical barrier of the silica gel, the biochemical/molecular mechanisms are induced or reinforced by the silicon. They allow the plant to use defensive compounds, like the phenols and phytoalexins and to activate the defensive enzymes, such as peroxidase , polyphenol oxidase.
At the end of their experiments, the researchers found that both methods of application – through irrigation water e foliar treatment - they were equally effective in increasing silicon levels in plants.
Silicon treatment has already proven itself against Spilocaea oleagina, the fungus responsible forpeacock eye of the olive tree.
If further studies confirm silicon fertilization as an effective method for pest and disease control, the results could have significant implications.economic and environmental implications. Due to its natural abundance in the earth's crust, including surface soil, silicon is readily available need minimal ecological impact or null. Important may be its potential for increase drought resistance, as shown in other crops, such as rice and wheat.
Article taken from Olive Oil Times
